نشأة الاحزاب السياسية في ايران (باللغة الانجليزية)

The modern history of Iran had many changes in the intellectual , political , economic and social life at the beginning of the sixth decade of twentieth century. The first initiative of this transformation came when the foreign forces invaded Iran at the beginning of August in 1941 A.C. Riza Shah Bahlawi abdicated and his young son Mohammed Riza Bahlawi was made a king in stead of him according to the British order. In that time, Iran enjoyed special features which made Iran society seek justifications by which they could practice their political activity inside the country. This could be done by establishing parties and organizations representing them and express their miserable condition.
After 1941 A.C, Iran began to perform serious steps towards political opening and establishing parties , so many political parties , organizations and associations arose and they decided not clash with the existing regime because they realized the days of watching , stress and killing in Riza Shah's period.
According to that , Iran have got activity of parties benefitting from temporal , political opening which was broadcasted by central media. This paved the way to establish many of these parties , organizations and associations which opposed Bahlawi family and the existing of foreign forces in Iran. These parties are classified into religious parties as Islam Fidaiyee organization , and communist parties as Toda party and power parties as Iradet Ali , Milliyon and Mardan party.
These parties especially the opposing ones continued until 1953 where the coup took place and the conditions following it which influenced on these parties. So a lot of them were broken down , some of them were deprived from continuing their activities and the others were prevented when they adopted thoughts which opposed king and the existing of foreign forces in Iran.

الدكتور احمد العلاق